Vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance are common symptoms that many people experience at some point in their lives. While they may seem similar, these terms refer to different types of sensations and can be caused by a range of underlying conditions. Understanding the differences between them, identifying their causes, and knowing when to seek medical help is essential to managing these symptoms effectively.
This article will explore the causes of vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance, how they can affect individuals in Singapore, and how an ENT specialist can help diagnose and treat these conditions.
What is Vertigo?
Vertigo is a type of dizziness that makes you feel like you or your surroundings are spinning or moving, even when you’re standing still. This sensation of motion can be unsettling and can affect your balance, making everyday activities challenging. Unlike general dizziness, which is a feeling of lightheadedness, vertigo is more specific in its sensation of spinning or rotation.
Causes of Vertigo
Vertigo is often linked to issues with the inner ear or the brain. Common causes include:
- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): This occurs when tiny calcium crystals in the inner ear become dislodged, leading to sudden and intense episodes of vertigo triggered by changes in head position.
- Meniere’s Disease: A disorder of the inner ear characterised by episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), and a feeling of fullness in the ear.
- Labyrinthitis: An inner ear infection that causes inflammation of the labyrinth, leading to vertigo, dizziness, and hearing loss.
- Vestibular Neuritis: Inflammation of the vestibular nerve (the nerve responsible for balance), often caused by a viral infection.
If you experience recurring or severe episodes of vertigo, it’s important to consult a doctor to accurately diagnose and treat the underlying cause.
What is Dizziness?
Dizziness is a broad term used to describe a range of sensations that may include lightheadedness, faintness, or a feeling of unsteadiness. Unlike vertigo, dizziness does not involve the perception of movement. Dizziness can be caused by many factors, ranging from minor issues to more serious medical conditions.
Common Causes of Dizziness
- Dehydration: A lack of fluids can lead to low blood pressure, causing dizziness or lightheadedness.
- Low Blood Sugar: Conditions like diabetes, or skipping meals, can cause a drop in blood sugar, leading to dizziness.
- Anaemia: A lack of red blood cells or haemoglobin in the blood can cause fatigue and dizziness.
- Anxiety or Panic Attacks: These can sometimes manifest physically as dizziness or a feeling of lightheadedness.
- Medications: Certain medications, such as blood pressure or sedative medications, can cause dizziness as a side effect.
If dizziness persists, or is accompanied by other symptoms such as fainting, heart palpitations, or shortness of breath, it is crucial to see a healthcare professional or an ENT specialist in Singapore to rule out any underlying conditions.
What is Imbalance?
Imbalance is the feeling of unsteadiness or lack of coordination, which can make it difficult to maintain proper posture or walk without support. Unlike vertigo or dizziness, imbalance is more related to difficulty in maintaining equilibrium or body posture, and it often occurs without the sensation of motion or dizziness.
Causes of Imbalance
Imbalance can be caused by various factors, including:
- Inner Ear Disorders: Conditions like BPPV, Meniere’s disease, and vestibular neuritis can disrupt the balance system in the inner ear, leading to a sense of imbalance.
- Neurological Conditions: Disorders like Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, or stroke can affect the brain’s ability to process signals related to balance.
- Musculoskeletal Problems: Weakness in the legs or problems with the feet or spine can cause difficulty in walking and maintaining balance.
- Vision Problems: Impaired vision can affect balance, as the brain relies on visual input to maintain equilibrium.
If you’re experiencing a loss of balance or frequent falls, it’s important to consult with an ENT specialist or other healthcare provider to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment.
How Can an ENT Specialist Help?
An otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat doctor) is highly trained to diagnose and treat conditions related to the ear, including vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance. Since these symptoms often involve the inner ear and vestibular system, an ENT specialist plays a crucial role in identifying the cause and providing appropriate treatment options.
How an ENT Specialist Diagnoses Balance Disorders
The diagnosis of balance disorders typically involves a thorough evaluation that may include:
- Medical History and Symptom Assessment: The doctor will ask detailed questions about the frequency, duration, and type of dizziness, vertigo, or imbalance you’re experiencing.
- Physical Examination: The ENT specialist will check for signs of ear infection, inflammation, or abnormalities in the ear canal, as well as other neurological tests.
- Balance Tests: These may include assessments like the Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre for vertigo or electronystagmography (ENG) to evaluate eye movements and inner ear function.
- Imaging Tests: In some cases, an MRI or CT scan may be used to rule out neurological issues or other structural problems affecting balance.
Treatment Options for Vertigo, Dizziness, and Imbalance
Once a diagnosis is made, an ENT specialist in Singapore will work with you to develop a treatment plan tailored to your condition. Treatment options may include:
For Vertigo
- Canalith Repositioning Manoeuvres: For BPPV, a series of head movements may be performed to reposition the displaced ear crystals.
- Medication: Antihistamines or anti-nausea medications may help reduce symptoms of vertigo.
- Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy: Specialised exercises designed to improve balance and reduce the dizziness associated with vestibular disorders.
For Dizziness
- Treatment of Underlying Conditions: If dizziness is caused by anaemia, dehydration, or low blood pressure, treating these underlying conditions will help alleviate the symptoms.
- Medication Adjustment: If dizziness is a side effect of medication, your ENT specialist may adjust your dosage or recommend alternative treatments.
- Diet and Lifestyle Changes: Improving hydration, adjusting meals, or making dietary changes may help reduce dizziness due to low blood sugar or dehydration.
For Imbalance
- Physical Therapy: Strengthening exercises and balance training can help improve coordination and reduce the risk of falls.
- Vision Correction: For those whose imbalance is caused by vision problems, glasses or corrective lenses may be recommended.
- Medication: In some cases, medications to address inner ear inflammation or neurological conditions may be prescribed.
Seeking Help
Seeing a medical professional can help you get a proper diagnosis, access cutting-edge treatment options, and gain a clearer understanding of your condition. By addressing balance issues early, you can avoid complications such as falls, injuries, or a significant reduction in mobility.
Conclusion
Vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance are common but often disruptive conditions that can severely impact daily life. Understanding the differences between these symptoms, recognizing when they are caused by underlying health issues, and seeking medical advice is essential for effective treatment.
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, consider consulting a specialist for a thorough evaluation. With the right diagnosis and treatment plan, you can regain balance, reduce dizziness, and enjoy a higher quality of life.
